A foundational design book by Don Norman that introduces key concepts for making objects and interfaces intuitive to use. The central idea is that good design makes the correct action obvious through affordances and signifiers, while bad design forces users to guess or rely on instructions.
Core Concepts
Affordances
The perceived and actual properties of an object that determine how it can be used. A chair affords sitting; a door handle affords pulling or turning.
Signifiers
Perceivable indicators that communicate how to use the affordance (labels, arrows, shape, texture, etc.).
Mapping
The relationship between controls and their effects. Good mapping makes the connection intuitive (e.g., stove controls arranged in the same pattern as the burners).
Feedback
Clear information returned to the user about the results of their action.
Conceptual Model
The mental model the user forms about how the system works. Good design helps users build accurate models.
Failure Modes
- Norman Doors (see separate page)
- Invisible affordances
- Arbitrary mappings
- Lack of feedback
- Designs that blame the user
Related Pages
- Applied Critical Thinking — re-examining assumptions in how interfaces are designed and understood.
Sources
- Original NX notes referencing The Design of Everyday Things by Don Norman